Synthesis 1974; 1974(8): 539-548
DOI: 10.1055/s-1974-23364
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Cyclobutanes from Photochemical, Metal-Catalysed, and Cation-Radical Induced Dimerisation of Mono-Olefins

L. J. KRICKA* , A. LEDWITH
  • *Donnan Laboratories, Department of Inorganic, Physical, and Industrial Chemistry, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L 69 3 BX, England
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Publication History

Publication Date:
12 September 2002 (online)

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Processes for dimerisation of olefins are briefly outlined and the syntheses of cyclobutanes by various photochemical, metal-catalysed, and cation-radical induced dimerisations of mono-olefins are described. 1. General Remarks 2. Cyclobutanes from Photochemical Cyclodimerisation of Olefins 2.1. Simple Olefins 2.2. Monocyclic Olefins 2.3. Polycyclic Olefins and Non-Conjugated Dienes 2.4. Vinyl Derivatives of Aromatic Compounds 2.5. Monocyclic Olefins 3. Cyclobutanes from Metal-Catalysed Cyclodimerisation of Olefins 4. Cyclobutanes from Cyclodimerisation of Olefins via Cation-Radical Intermediates