Associations of Obesity, Vitamin D, Adjusted Total Calcium, and Parathyroid Hormone in US from NHANES

 

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Abstract

Evidence for obesity and vitamin D deficiency as components of a data phenotype for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is critical to understanding primary hyperparathyroidism. This study examined the association between vitamin D, body mass index (BMI), albumin total calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, albumin adjusted calcium, and BMI with elevated PTH were evaluated, with elevated PTH being defined as>9.02 pmol/l. Outcomes were PTH (pmol/l), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (nmol/l), albumin adjusted calcium (mmol/l), and BMI. A weighted multivariable logistic regression model estimated the associations. A total of 9740 survey respondents were included in the study, 3.5% had elevated PTH. Mean vitamin D level was 57.7 (SD=22.6) nmol/l and BMI was 28.6 (SD=6.5) kg/m2. A one unit increase in BMI was associated with higher odds of elevated PTH [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.06] whereas a one unit increase in vitamin D (aOR=0.97; 95% CI: 0.96, 0.98) or calcium (aOR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.89) had decreased odds of elevated PTH. Higher BMI and lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are components of the primary hyperparathyroidism data phenotype. A refined data phenotype may improve detection/management of pHPT.

Publication History

Received: 03 March 2025

Accepted after revision: 11 June 2025

Article published online:
27 June 2025

© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

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