Stigma von Adipositas bei Kindern

 

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Zusammenfassung

Die Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung von adipösen Individuen wurde vielfach beschrieben. In der Regel wurden jedoch häufig spezielle Stichproben untersucht. Ebenso wurde bislang die Stigmatisierung durch Gleichaltrige untersucht, während sich diese Studie der Beurteilung adipöser Kinder durch Erwachsene widmet. In dieser bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Studie wurden insgesamt 3 003 Erwachsene telefonisch befragt. Einer Teilstichprobe (n=1 002) wurde eine Vignette eines 9-jährigen adipösen Kindes (Mädchen oder Junge) präsentiert, die auf einem semantischen Differential bewertet werden sollte. Zum Vergleich wurde am Ende des Interviews die Vignette wiederholt, diesmal aber normalgewichtig beschrieben. Die übergewichtigen Kinder wurden durchweg negativer bewertet als die normalgewichtigen. Es zeigten sich keine geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede – weder innerhalb der Probanden noch bei den zu beurteilenden Vignetten. Betrachtet man die negativen Konsequenzen von Stigmatisierung und resultierender Diskriminierung, so wird klar, dass Anti-Stigma-Kampagnen, die sich der Reduktion von gewichtsbedingter Stigmatisierung widmen, unbedingt auch (Grundschul-) Kinder, als eine besonders vulnerable Gruppe, zum Ziel ihrer Bemühungen machen müssen.

Summary

Stigmatization and discrimination of obese individuals has been reported repeatedly. For most studies, however, special samples were analyzed. Likewise, mostly stigmatization from peers has been investigated. This study focuses on the stigma of obese children as seen by the general adult population. For this representative study, 3,003 telephone interviews were conducted. A vignette of an obese child (9 years old, male and female) was presented to a sub-sample of n=1,002 participants that was to be rated on a semantic differential. For comparison, the vignette was repeated at the end of the interview, this time, describing the same child but normal-weight. The overweight children were rated more negative consistently. No gender specific aspects were shown – neither in the respondents nor within the vignettes. Considering the negative consequences of stigmatization and discrimination, it becomes clear that antistigma campaigns need to make this especially vulnerable group a target of their efforts.

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